Speed control of dc motor using pll

Speed control of dc motor using pll INTRODUCTION: Feasibility Study, for final year project, is to establish whether the project is technically or financially feasible. The aim for the report is to ascertain an understanding between the student and the supervisor on the title of the project. It also requires establishing an understanding on the matter of aims and objectives. Such understanding is vital for the success of the project. The project work, that is to be undertaken, should be well planned so as to oversee the problems that lay ahead. Thus, the report delivers some insight into the planning phase. It gives aims and objectives for the project and explains various stages of work which will be involved. It further gives out a time plan that would direct the project itself through out the year. Such a planning would ensure the success of the project. Hence, the documentation of such a planning gives Feasibility Study. AIMS: Use the technique of Phase Locked based speed estimator to control the speed of a DC motor. To create the overall system with, A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for the speed feedback. A Phase Detection Logic that would compare the user speed (set point/frequency) to the motors actual speed. A method for detection of the speed of the DC motor. OBJECTIVES: A firm grip of theory on the Phase Locked Loop would clear all the concepts of such a technique and its industrial uses. To devise a ‘Closed Loop Control System that would enable the user to control the speed of the DC motor. It should be based on frequency domain design techniques (bode diagrams). Detail work on the logic for Phase Detector or Synthesizer. Research on how the Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) works. To use a suitable optical sensor that senses and returns the speed of the DC motor. The logic behind the signals, to and from the sensor, to be calculated. Using Mat-lab for devising the transfer function and Tina for the circuit of the system. Designing the hardware for the system. TOPIC OVERVIEW: A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) synchronizes an output signal with a reference or input signal in frequency as well as in phase.Phase Locked Loop is used in various communication networks to chuck out noise from various signals. Here it is used to control the speed of a DC motor. This is because PLL has a capability to control the manner in which the phase of the Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) follows a changing reference phase. In other words it can be said that the designer can make the loop to follow quickly or sluggishly to the original input signal. This characteristic would enable users to control the speed of the DC motor. WORK STAGES: Literature Search A brief research, comprising of study related to Phase Locked Loop and Control System such as closed loop system, was conducted to facilitate in writing the feasibility report. Extensive study in the mentioned fields must be obtained before the practical work is started. Research would be required to deal with the prospect of working out the components for the PLL Fig 2. Comprehensive research would also be required to create and build the circuits for the components in Fig1. Phase detection logic have to be devised that would require the time. Study related to transfer functions, of an order, that uses frequency domain should be done. Further study for the Bode diagrams would be needed. Simulink for the Mat-Lab and Tina would require some attention as they are the primary tool for testing. A research in optical sensors would be likely and the transfer of data, to and from the sensor, would need investigation. The speed of the motor and what is given by the user can be represented on a screen. An insight into it would be an option. The equipments provided, like PLL IC and VCO Unit, would require thorough study. Block Diagram Design Protocol Design This phase of the work will be based on Mat-lab and Tina. The experiment would be simulation of the transfer function. Once the theory for the transfer function is completed, the derived function is written in Mat-lab and the corresponding bode graphs are investigated. These graphs would give a comprehensive illustration of the relevant components in the system. In other words it can be presumed, for the mat-lab simulation, that it would provide every bit of detailed information before the real circuit is built and the motor is accelerated. Pseudo-Code Pseudo-Code is a program code unrelated to the hardware of a particular computer and requiring conversion to the code used by the computer before the program can be used. This area of work deals with what is called extensive programming. The project would not require such level of programming. It would only require the simulation for the transfer function via using Mat-lab. Hence learning the software would be crucial for the success of the project. CAPITAL RESOURCES: The total budget allocation to the project is  £ 50. The equipment used within the project are given to be, Phase Locked Loop (PLL) IC. Op-amps ICs VCO Unit and Counter Usual lab equipment Software Mat-Lab 7.0 ( Simulate the transfer function of the control system) Tina 6.02 (For designing and testing the circuits) PROJECT TIME PLAN REFERENCES: http://dictionary.reference.com/ for definitions http://hem.passagen.se/communication/fm_pll_vco.html an insight for the VCO unit and PLL unit. Phase-locked loops : design, simulation, and applications / Roland E. Best.(621.3815364 BES) Phase-locked loops : theory and applications / John L. Stensby (621.3815364 STE) Phase-Lock Basics/ William F.Egan(621.3815364 EDA) The art of Electronics, Second Edition/ Paulhorowitz Winfield Hill. Phase Locked Loops, 1993/ J.B.Encinas Modern Control System Theory and Design, Second Edition/Stanley M.Shinners Speed Control of a stepper motor using PLL, University of Hertfordshire,2005/ Anthony Richard Phase Locked Loops, University of Hertfordshire,2003/ Mihir Shah Design of a phase locked loop for coherent optical demodulat, University of Hertfordshire,2005/ Hua Zhou ‘The control second order system fo PLL, University of Hertfordshire,2006/ Mingshu http://dictionary.reference.com/ for definitions http://hem.passagen.se/communication/fm_pll_vco.html an insight for the VCO unit and PLL unit. Phase-locked loops : design, simulation, and applications / Roland E. Best.(621.3815364 BES) Phase-locked loops : theory and applications / John L. Stensby (621.3815364 STE)

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of clergyman. He graduated from Morehouse College, in Atlanta, in 1948, and received a Ph.D. in theology from Boston University in 1955. After being ordained a Baptist minister in 1947, Martin was named assistant pastor of his father’s church, Ebenezer Baptist Church in Montgomery. In 1960 he became co-pastor of his father’s church, a post he held until his death. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had gone to support striking sanitation workers. James Earl Ray was convicted of his murder.[1] The intents of this paper are to: (1) find out why Martin Luther king was distinct from other black leaders; (2) know of his specific works and his literature; (3) be aware of the conspiracy of his death. II. Background A. Why Martin Luther King Jr. was distinct from other black leaders? We have learned that King was very popular due to its noble works that he had done to every race. He was the only leader that received numerous awards even before and after his death. Aside from the award he won in the Nobel Prize, he received another award from a prestige group of Jewish American in 1965. One year after, the Margaret Sanger Award was presented to King, Jr. by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America for his spirited and dauntless resistance to racism and his enduring devotion and commitment for his principle of having a an equality among races. Not like with other black American leaders, King, Jr. also received the President Medal of Freedom in 1977 after his death.[2] And in the 20th century, Martin Luther King, Jr. is regarded as the second most appreciated person. Moreover, aside from the awards he received, he helped Southern Christian Leadership Conference to be found and eventually, he was hailed as head of the organization. The aims and grounds of this organization were based on Christianity and its operational strategies were from Gandhi. During his service, he was able to travel over six million miles and spoke for about twenty-five hundred times.[3] Throughout his leadership, he headed a huge demonstration and rally in Birmingham, Alabama that took notice world widely which provided of what he called a â€Å"coalition of conscience† III. Discussion A. King as a leader Martin Luther King, Jr. was a United States clergyman and civil rights leader. King became the nation’s most prominent spokesman for equal justice for black Americans. He was a charismatic leader and an eloquent speaker, who preached nonviolent resistance to unjust laws and practices, a tactic he adopted from Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi. His civil rights efforts helped to bring about passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1964.[4] In 1983, the U.S. Congress voted to make his birthday, January 15, a national holiday (celebrated on the third Monday of the month). In addition, his books and literature that were written include: Stride toward Freedom (1958); Measure of a Man (1059); Strength to love (1963); Why We Can’t Wait (1964); and The Trumpets of Conscience (1968).[5] King began his involvement in the modern civil rights movement in 1955 with leadership of the Montgomery (Alabama) bus boycott, which ended segregated seating on that city’s public buses. He then urged black Americans to follow the Montgomery example and win their rights through non-violent protest. As head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which he helped to found in 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. led demonstrations, marches, sit-ins, and boycotts in many cities in both the South and the North, often meeting hostility and sometimes violence.[6] He was jailed several times in the South for his activities. In 1967, he also became a leader of the peace movement, seeking an end to the Vietnamese War. B. Its Allegations Several suspected that there was a conspiracy during the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. Furthermore, the said eyewitnesses who surrounded King, Jr. during his assassination stated that the shot came from different locations and it came from thick shrubbery nearly close to the â€Å"rooming house† and did not exactly come there. James Earl Ray was suspected as the assassin and was put into trial. On the other hand, Dexter King- son of Martin Luther King- was able to meet Ray and showed support publicly on Ray's efforts to have a trial during 1997.[7] Two years later, Martin Luther King's wife, Coreatta Scott King, and along with the member of her family received an erroneous trial against Loyd Jowers and to the unidentified accomplices. Three years after (2000), the Department of Justice had its investigation on Jower's claims but it failed to look for evidence in order to support the allegations.[8] IV. Conclusion The life of Martin Luther King, Jr. was truly a blessing for every black American who experienced equality and biases from the â€Å"superior race.† This man leaves a very notable reputation and honors that none of the black Americans can compare with his notable record as a man who brought changed in America's society. Martin Luther King, Jr. has truly contributed to the history of United States of America. His upright deeds will not be forgotten for every individual especially for those who experienced racism. He was a type of a leader that was able to lead a mass writhe for racial equality that doomed separation and brought changed to the United States of America. His assassination was not the end of the â€Å"black people society† to keep fighting for their rights but it was only the beginning that motivated their hearts to continue fighting for its principles and rights. References: Haskins, James (2004). The Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Lothrop, Lee & Shephard, 2000). Lincoln, C.E. (2002). Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Profile (Hill & Wang, 1996). Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound: the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚   (Harper & Row, 1992). Richardson, Nigel (2003). Martin Luther King (David & Charles, 1997). Martin Luther King: The Nobel Peace Prize 1964.† Nobelprize.org, copyright Nobel Web AB 2006. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king- bio.html [1] Richardson, Nigel (2003). Martin Luther King (David & Charles, 1997). [2] Martin Luther King: The Nobel Peace Prize 1964.† Nobelprize.org, copyright Nobel Web AB 2006. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king- bio.html [3] Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound: the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Harper &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Row, 1992). [4] Lincoln, C.E. (2002). Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Profile (Hill & Wang, 1996). [5] Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound: the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Harper &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Row, 1992). [6] Ibid†¦ [7] Haskins, James (2004). The Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Lothrop, Lee &   Ã‚  Ã‚   Shephard, 2000). [8] Oates, S.B. (1999). Let the Trumpet Sound: the Life of Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Harper &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Row, 1992).   

Lies Youve Been Told About Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on

Lies You've Been Told About Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on The War Against Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on So as to be successful at writing essays, you want to understand enough about the subject and just present your own thoughts rather than attempting to write the things that they expect you to write. It is not really easy to compose a how-to essay. It's unreasonable to compose essays about nothing. Reading our article about 5 paragraph essays might be useful too, as you're on the topic. When you compose an essay, you should understand what you write about. It's also advisable to check your essay flows nicely. That is to say, an essay may not be boring and dry. Your essay has to be interesting if you need to continue to keep your readers engaged in your story. Life After Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on Remember your final grade significantly is contingent on the topic. For instance, you can pick a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. If you're anything like a lot of the students we know, you are likely not too excited about it. A good deal of students overlook the significance of spelling and grammar. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on As aforementioned, an appropriate paper should take a couple of days to finish, no matter the topic available. Synthesis topics should not be something which's general understanding, like whether vegetables are good for you. Students are usually glad once the task received is not too long, but they don't consider that the size is not as important, as you want the identical period of time for preparing and fulfilling the assignment. For instance, you've got to compose a 1,000 words essay on the present water scarcity problems in the world and submit it by tomorrow. If you're writing an opinion piece on something you currently have some knowledge about, you might not need to do any research in any way. You might discover that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. If a topic isn't specified, there's a great selection of things to write about. The Benefits of Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on Composing a 500 words essay is essentially a wonderful wait to apply all of your current knowledge on academic writing. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should demonstrate your analytical skills. One of the absolute most important hint s you could get on how best to compose a 1000 word essay is to write without limits and rewrite. An additional mistake you may avoid is the incorrect structure of the essay. Things You Should Know About Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on Once you work through your sources, make a decision as to what position you're likely to take. In technical or expert writing, where you're laying out an idea, you can want to present in depth definitions on a veritable catalog of parts or interactions. Poor synthesis topics can arrive in a number of forms. First of all, regardless of the very low size limit, you ought to take the exact actions that are recommended for creating longer articles. What is Actually Going on with Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on Throwing yourself headlong at a 1,000-word essay and writing till you accomplish the term count may look like the simple alternative, but it isn't. Essay writing is a significant portion of our academic decades. Essay st ructure is just one of the most significant points to think about when writing a paper. Since you can guess, the response is it depends upon your writing style. All About Good Topics to Writ a 1000 Word Essay on More than that, the term limit isn't the only obstacle you have to overcome, the content ought to be logically organized and connected to provide a very clear picture of the subject and opinion you're presenting. No matter whether it's a problem solution essay or a 1000 word essay, it is going to be written from scratch within the designated deadline. At times it's tough to present a crystal clear opinion on some topic whenever you have only 1000 words, therefore we made a decision to assist you with a sheet of advice. You ought to pick the subject of your essay by paying attention to the kind of reader and your major objectives. Then show the way your argument is stronger. You require a precise and very clear answer, and we are prepared to give it to you. When you analyze your subject, you should inform the reader about its basic concepts and then you are going to want to analyze the issue in a suitable way. Now that you know what an awful topic appears like, it's time to chat about what an excellent topic resembles. There are lots of ground rules of a suitable outline for this kind of essay. Thus, a conclusion is the last component of your essay. Don't edit yourself as you receive the very first draft down. Take a look at our list of the greatest foods for brain fuel to find out what else will get you off to a great start. Re-check to make sure that you'll have good resources for your research. Clearly, the simpler it is to find information, the faster you're able to write. If you have to figure out about a topic before you start to write, you are able to readily get information on particular topics , whilst others will be more obscure and therefore more challenging to research. Make certain to do proper research and that you get used to the topic and other terrific examples on the topic by reading. For example, a 20,000-word article in a magazine might just use up few pages, or it might take up ten pages due to advertisements. If you know how to compose a guide, you might write an ebook. A 1000-word essay may take unique quantities of pages, based on the format of your document. On average, however, it would take 24 pages depending on the spacing guidelines. Each paragraph of the human body of your essay should include a topic sentence and reveal only 1 idea. Try to abide by the specific word limit, but there's nothing to be worried about if your essay is longer. Now it's only a matter of beefing out your outline until you arrive at the word limit! The very first thing an author must do is to get their words.

Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain - 1605 Words

Andie M. Partida Ms.Ponder English IV, 6 Pd. 28 February,2015 Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain Music affects people of all ages developmentally , intellectually and medically as well as it affects their social , personal lives. In other words, music affects the way in which we think , behave and feel. Music tends to have a positive effect on the transfer of learning. For example , learning to play an instrument enhances the ability to remember words through enlargement of the left cranial temporal regions of the brain. A study brought up by the Institute of Education at the University of London shows that musically trained participants remembered 17 percent more verbal information then those without musical training (Hallam 2012). Extensive active engagement with music induces cortical reorganization producing functional changes in how the brain handles information. When this is an occurrence in an early stage of development , usually in children and young adults, it may produce permanent changes in the w ay information is being processed into the brain. These changes display what exactly has been learned and how it has been learned. According to the article, Transfer of cognitive learning from one domain to another depends on the similarities between the processes involved, transfer can be near and far and it is stronger and more likely to occur if its near(Hallam 2012). To continue with this aim, SalamonShow MoreRelatedMusic Effect On The Brain896 Words   |  4 PagesMusic affects the brain in many different ways. What would our world be like without music? Music has a direct path to our brain. It is a very big part of our daily lives. Everywhere a person goes, they hear music. Music affects chemicals in the brain that affect our emotions. Different types of music affect the brain differently. 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